อภิธานศัพท์ · เทรดฟอเร็กซ์อย่างไรPip
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A pip is the standard unit for measuring a change in a forex price. On most currency pairs it is 0.0001, the fourth decimal place, and on pairs quoted in Japanese yen it is 0.01. One tenth of a pip is called a pipette.
Traders count price moves and trading costs in pips rather than raw decimals. The pip lesson works through pip value on three instruments.
How a pip is counted
On most pairs a pip is the fourth digit after the decimal point. EUR/USD moving from 1.10000 to 1.10010 has moved one pip.
When the Japanese yen is the second currency in the pair, a pip is 0.01, the second decimal. USD/JPY moving from 150.00 to 150.01 has moved one pip.
Most brokers quote one extra digit, the pipette, worth a tenth of a pip. Gold has no single rule; this site's calculators count a pip on XAU/USD as 0.01.
A worked example
With round illustrative prices, you buy EUR/USD at 1.10250 and close at 1.10730. The move is 1.10730 minus 1.10250 = 0.00480, which is 48 pips.
On USD/JPY, a fall from 150.40 to 149.85 is 0.55 yen, which is 55 pips.
What those pips are worth depends on trade size, which is the job of pip value. On one standard lot of EUR/USD each pip is $10, so 48 pips is $480.
Costs are counted the same way: a spread of 0.8 pip on EUR/USD costs $8 on one lot.
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How much is 1 pip in dollars?
On one standard lot of a pair quoted in US dollars, such as EUR/USD, one pip is $10. On 0.01 lot it is $0.10.
What does pip stand for?
It is often expanded as "percentage in point" or "price interest point", but sources disagree. What matters is the size of the step.
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Bid priceThe bid price is the price at which you can sell a currency pair right now. It is the lower of the two prices in every forex quote. You open a sell trade at the bid, and you close a buy trade at the bid.
Ask priceThe ask, or offer, is the price at which you can buy a currency pair right now. It is the higher of the two prices in every forex quote. You open a buy trade at the ask, and you close a sell trade at the ask.
LotA lot is the standard unit of trade size in forex. One standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency, a mini lot is 10,000 and a micro lot is 1,000. MetaTrader shows these sizes as volumes of 1.00, 0.10 and 0.01.
Market orderA market order is an instruction to buy or sell straight away at the best price available. A buy fills at the ask and a sell at the bid. You get a fast fill but not a guaranteed price, so in a fast market the fill can slip.
Pending orderA pending order is an instruction to trade later, once price reaches a level you set. Limit orders wait for a better price than now; stop orders wait for price to break through a level. Until it triggers, no position is open.
Stop lossA stop loss is an order that closes your trade at a set price to cap the loss. It turns into a market order when price reaches it, so in a fast market or a gap it can fill at a worse price.
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