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- 01How to read a candlestick.A candlestick shows four prices for one trading period: the open, high, low and close. The thick body runs from open to close, and the thin wicks reach the high and the low. A candle that closed above its open is bullish, usually green, and one that closed below is bearish, usually red.
- 02What candle bodies and wicks tell you.A candle's body shows the move from open to close, and its wicks show prices reached but not kept. A long body means price moved far and held it; a short body means open and close ended near each other. A long lower wick shows a drop bought back, and a long upper wick a rise sold off.
- 03Spinning tops and marubozu candles.A spinning top is a candle with a small body and wicks on both sides longer than the body, showing that buyers and sellers ended the period roughly even. A marubozu is the opposite: a long body with little or no wick, showing one side controlled the period from open to close. Neither predicts the next move alone.
- 04Doji candles and what they signal.A doji is a candle that opens and closes at almost the same price, so its body is a thin line. It shows buyers and sellers ended the period even. The four common types are standard, long-legged, dragonfly and gravestone. A doji alone is a weak signal; context and the next candle matter.
- 05Hammer and hanging man patterns.A hammer and a hanging man are the same candle: a small body near the top and a lower wick at least twice as long. After a fall it is a hammer, a hint that selling may be fading. After a rise it is a hanging man, a warning that buying may be tiring. Each needs a confirming next candle.
- 06Inverted hammer and shooting star patterns.An inverted hammer and a shooting star are the same candle: a small body near the low and a long upper wick, usually at least twice the body. After a fall it is an inverted hammer, a possible turn up. After a rise it is a shooting star, a possible turn down. Both need a confirming close.
- 07Bullish and bearish engulfing patterns.An engulfing pattern is a two-candle reversal signal. A bullish engulfing forms after a decline, when a rising candle's body completely covers the previous falling candle's body. A bearish engulfing is the mirror image after a rise. It suggests control has switched sides, but it often fails in ranges and means more at a support or resistance level.
- 08Tweezer tops and bottoms.A tweezer top is two candles, usually side by side, that reach almost the same high after a rise. A tweezer bottom is two candles with almost the same low after a fall. Both show a price the market rejected twice. They mean most at a known level and are weak signals on their own.
- 09Morning star and evening star patterns.A morning star is a three-candle pattern at the end of a fall: a long bearish candle, a small-bodied star near the low, then a long bullish candle that closes above the first candle's midpoint. An evening star is the mirror image after a rise. Both suggest a possible reversal, and neither guarantees one.
- 10Three white soldiers and three black crows.Three white soldiers is three bullish candles in a row after a decline, each closing higher and near its high. Three black crows is the bearish mirror after a rise. Both suggest one side has taken control, but they often appear after a large move, can fail, and are best read with the trend and a planned stop.
- 11Three inside up and three inside down.Three inside up is a three-candle bullish reversal pattern: a long bearish candle, a small bullish candle whose body sits inside it, then a bullish candle that closes above the first candle's open. Three inside down is the mirror image after a rise. Both are a harami plus a confirming candle, and neither is a reliable signal on its own.
- 12Candlestick patterns cheat sheet.A candlestick pattern is a shape made by one, two or three candles that hints at who controlled price. Single candles such as the doji, hammer and shooting star show rejection or indecision. Two- and three-candle patterns such as engulfing and morning star show a shift. None predicts price reliably on its own.