外匯基礎速查表:貨幣對、點、手、槓桿與保證金。
這份速查表把外匯基礎章節濃縮在一頁裡。每個觀念都附上簡短摘要、公式,以及完整課程的連結。下單前,您可以用速查表核對點的大小、每點價值、合約大小與保證金,最後再用一筆完整的交易範例把所有內容串起來。

練習時請把這一頁開著。價格都是好算的示意範例,所有金額都假設帳戶以美元計價。
市場與價格
外匯是把一種貨幣換成另一種貨幣的店頭市場。交易時間為紐約時間週日 17:00 到週五 17:00。完整課程:什麼是外匯。
貨幣對:1 單位基礎貨幣以報價貨幣計算的價格。EUR/USD 報 1.10000,代表 1 歐元價值 1.10000 美元。完整課程:貨幣對。
賣價與買價:您以賣價(Bid)賣出,以較高的買價(Ask)買進。點差是買價減賣價,每筆交易付一次。完整課程:賣價與買價。
點與手
點(pip):標準的價格單位。大多數貨幣對是 0.0001,日圓貨幣對是 0.01,本站計算機中的黃金也是 0.01。微點是 1 點的十分之一。完整課程:什麼是點。
每點價值 = 點大小 × 單位數,以報價貨幣計,再換算成您的帳戶幣別。
手(lot):交易規模的單位。1.00 手是 100,000 單位的貨幣對,在大多數帳戶上則是 100 盎司黃金。完整課程:手數。
手數 = 風險金額 ÷(停損點數 × 每手每點價值),一律無條件捨去。
槓桿與保證金
槓桿:部位與其所需保證金之間的比例。在 1:100 下,$1 的保證金可以持有 $100 的部位。槓桿不會改變每點價值。完整課程:槓桿。
保證金 = 部位價值 ÷ 槓桿,而可用保證金 = 淨值減去保證金。
保證金水平 = 淨值 ÷ 保證金 × 100%。跌到經紀商的追繳保證金水平時,帳戶會被標記警示;跌到強制平倉水平時,部位就會開始被平倉。完整課程:保證金與強制平倉。
速查表
1 手的點大小與每點價值(使用示意價格):
| 商品 | 點大小 | 1.00 手 | 1.00 手每點價值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD、GBP/USD、AUD/USD | 0.0001 | 100,000 基礎貨幣單位 | $10.00 |
| USD/JPY 報價 150.00 | 0.01 | 100,000 USD | $6.67 |
| XAU/USD(黃金) | 0.01 | 100 oz | $1.00 |
| XAG/USD(白銀) | 0.01 | 5,000 oz | $50.00 |
EUR/USD 報價 1.10000 時的各種手數:
| 交易量 | 單位數 | 每點價值 | 部位價值 | 1:100 下的保證金 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.00 | 100,000 | $10.00 | $110,000 | $1,100 |
| 0.10 | 10,000 | $1.00 | $11,000 | $110 |
| 0.01 | 1,000 | $0.10 | $1,100 | $11 |
槓桿與其對應的保證金比率:
| 槓桿 | 1:30 | 1:50 | 1:100 | 1:500 | 1:1000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 保證金比率 | 3.33% | 2% | 1% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
一筆交易,從頭算到尾
這個例子用上了本頁的每一個公式:
- 一個 1:100 的 $2,000 帳戶,在 EUR/USD 上冒 1% 的風險,也就是 $20,停損 25 點。
- 手數:$20 ÷ (25 × $10) = 0.08 手,每點價值 $0.80。
- 1.10000 時的部位價值:8,000 × 1.10000 = $8,800。
- 保證金:$8,800 ÷ 100 = $88。可用保證金:$2,000 減去 $88 = $1,912。
- 保證金水平:$2,000 ÷ $88 × 100% = 2,272.7%。
- 若觸及停損:25 × $0.80 = 虧損 $20。若觸及 50 點的目標:50 × $0.80 = 獲利 $40,未計成本。
用您自己的數字,在手數計算機中跑一遍同樣的步驟。
常見問題
新手最重要的外匯術語有哪些?
貨幣對、賣價與買價、點差、點、手、槓桿與保證金。掌握這些,您就能看懂報價、決定交易規模,並知道自己距離強制平倉還有多遠。
如何快速算出每點價值?
以美元報價的貨幣對,1 標準手每點 $10,迷你手 $1,微型手 $0.10。其他貨幣對則把點大小乘以單位數,再換算成您的帳戶幣別。
保證金和槓桿有什麼不同?
槓桿是經紀商允許的比例,例如 1:100。保證金則是某一筆交易被鎖住的資金,計算方式是部位價值除以槓桿。
繼續學習
第 2 章How does a forex trade make or lose money?A forex trade makes money when the pair moves in your direction by more than the trade costs, and loses when it moves against you. A buy gains as the price rises and a sell gains as it falls. Profit is the price change times trade size, less commission and swap.
第 2 章When do you buy or sell a currency pair?You buy a currency pair when you expect the first currency, the base, to strengthen against the second, and you sell when you expect it to weaken. If your view is about one currency, find which side of the pair it sits on: a weaker quote currency pushes the pair up, so you buy.
第 2 章外匯的點(pip)是什麼?點(pip)是交易者衡量價格變動的標準單位。大多數貨幣對的 1 點是 0.0001,也就是小數點後第四位;以日圓報價的貨幣對則是 0.01。微點(pipette)是 1 點的十分之一。1 標準手 EUR/USD 每點價值 $10。
第 2 章外匯的「手」(lot)是什麼?手(lot)是設定外匯交易規模的單位。1 標準手是 100,000 單位的基礎貨幣,迷你手是 10,000,微型手是 1,000。以 EUR/USD 來說,每點價值分別是 $10、$1 與 $0.10。黃金等其他商品則有各自的合約大小。
第 2 章外匯點差是什麼?點差是您能賣出的賣價(bid)與能買入的買價(ask)之間的差距。每筆交易在開倉的那一刻就要支付。EUR/USD 的點差通常只有一兩點,甚至更低,而在每日轉倉、每週開盤與重大新聞前後會擴大。
第 2 章外匯的賣價(Bid)與買價(Ask)是什麼?每個外匯報價都有兩個價格。賣價(Bid)是您可以賣出的價格,買價(Ask)則是較高、您可以買進的價格。兩者之間的差距就是點差。您以買價買進、以賣價平倉,所以每筆新交易一開始都會落後一個點差的幅度。
第 2 章Forex terms you will hear every day.The everyday words of forex describe what a trade is doing and what it costs. Long means you bought, short means you sold. A pip is the standard price step, a lot is the trade size, the spread is the gap between bid and ask, and margin is the deposit your broker holds while a trade is open.
第 2 章What types of orders can you place in forex?A market order buys or sells straight away at the current price. A pending order waits for a price you choose: a limit order waits for a better price, and a stop order joins a move once price breaks a level. Stop loss and take profit orders close an open trade at prices you set in advance.
第 2 章Forex order types cheat sheet.A market order fills now at the current price. A limit order waits for a better price: a buy limit below the market, a sell limit above it. A stop order waits for a worse price: a buy stop above, a sell stop below. Buy orders trigger on the ask, sell orders on the bid.
第 2 章What is a forex demo account, and how should you use it?A forex demo account is a practice account funded with virtual money. You trade on the broker's platform with live or near-live prices, so you can learn orders, stops and margin without risking your own cash. Set it up with the balance and leverage you would really use, and expect live fills and feelings to differ.
第 2 章Can you get rich trading forex?A few people make large sums trading forex, but the loss figures that EU and UK brokers must publish show that most retail CFD accounts at those brokers lose money. Getting rich would need a large starting balance and years of steady returns. Small accounts chasing big targets usually take risks large enough to wipe them out.